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Delaware BMP

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1 Introduction
1 Introduction Overview
1.1 Key Components of Delaware’s Golf Course BMPs
2 Planning, Design, and Construction
2 Planning, Design, and Construction Overview
2.1 Regulatory Considerations
2.2 Planning, Design, and Construction Overview
2.3 Erosion and Sediment Control
2.4 Wetlands
2.5 Drainage
2.6 Habitat Considerations
2.7 Turfgrass Establishment
2.8 External Certification Programs
2.9 Planning, Design, and Construction Best Management Practice
3 Irrigation
3 Irrigation Overview
3.1 Regulatory Considerations
3.2 Water Conservation and Efficient Use Planning
3.3 Irrigation Water Suitability
3.4 Wellhead Protection
3.5 Irrigation System Design
3.6 Irrigation System Maintenance
3.7 Irrigation System Scheduling
3.8 Irrigation Best Management Practices
4 Surface Water Management
4 Surface Water Management Overview
4.1 Regulatory Considerations
4.2 Stormwater Management
4.3 Floodplains
4.4 Wetlands
4.5 Lakes and Ponds
4.6 Water Management Best Management Practices
5 Groundwater Protection
5 Groundwater Protection Overview
5.1 Regulatory Considerations
5.2 Preventing Leaching
5.3 Protecting Water Supplies
5.4 Groundwater Protection Best Management Practices
6 Water Quality Monitoring
6 Water Quality Monitoring Overview
6.1 Regulatory Considerations
6.2 Existing Water Quality Information
6.3 Developing a Water Quality Monitoring Program
6.4 Interpreting Water Quality Testing Results
6.5 Water Quality Monitoring Best Management Practices
7 Nutrient Management
7 Nutrient Management Overview
7.1 Regulatory Considerations
7.2 Soil Testing
7.3 Plant Tissue Analysis
7.4 Fertilizers
7.5 Nitrogen
7.6 Nitrogen Rates and Timing
7.7 Nitrogen Applications
7.8 Phosphorus
7.9 Potassium
7.10 Secondary Macronutrients
7.11 Micronutrients
7.12 Soil pH
7.13 Fertilizer Equipment Selection and Maintenance
7.14 Nutrient Management Best Management Practices
8 Cultural Practices
8 Cultural Practices Overview
8.1 Cultivar Selection
8.2 Mowing
8.3 Aeration
8.4 Surface Cultivation
8.5 Topdressing
8.6 Rolling
8.7 Cultural Best Management Practices
9 Integrated Pest Management
9 Integrated Pest Management Overview
9.1 Regulatory Considerations
9.2 IPM Overview
9.3 IPM Implementation
9.4 Record Keeping and Evaluation
9.5 IPM Best Management Practices
10 Pesticide Management
10 Pesticide Management Overview
10.1 Regulatory Considerations
10.2 Human Health Risks
10.3 Personal Protective Equipment
10.4 Environmental Fate and Transport
10.5 Application Equipment and Calibration
10.6 Pesticide Record Keeping
10.7 Pesticide Transportation, Storage, and Handling
10.8 Mixing/Washing Station
10.9 Disposal
10.10 Pesticide Container Management
10.11 Pesticide Management Best Management Practices
11 Pollinator Protection
11 Pollinator Protection Overview
11.1 Regulatory Considerations
11.2 Pest Management Practices that Reduce Impacts on Pollinators
11.3 Preserving and Enhancing Habitat on the Course
11.4 Managed Bee Hives on the Course
11.5 Pollinator Protection Best Management Practices
12 Maintenance Operations
12 Maintenance Operations Overview
12.1 Regulatory Considerations
12.2 Storage and Handling of Chemicals
12.3 Equipment Washing
12.4 Equipment Storage and Maintenance
12.5 Fueling Facilities
12.6 Waste Handling
12.7 Emergency Preparedness and Spill Response
12.8 Maintenance Operations Best Management Practices
13 Landscape
13 Landscape Overview
13.1 Planning and Design
13.2 Site Inventory and Assessment
13.3 Plant Selection
13.4 Installation
13.5 Irrigation
13.6 Use of Mulch
13.7 Pruning
13.8 Pest Management
13.9 Landscape Best Management Practices
14 Energy
14 Energy Overview
14.1 Energy Audits and Evaluation
14.2 Energy Efficiency Improvements
14.3 Green and Alternative Energy
14.4 Energy Best Management Practices

 

Best Management Practices for Delaware Golf Courses
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Acknowledgements

The development of the Best Management Practices for Delaware Golf Courses was made possible by superintendents in the state of Delaware, the Eastern Shore Association of Golf Course Superintendents, and scientists from the University of Delaware.

The following golf course superintendents led the effort as members of the Delaware BMP Steering Committee:

  • William Reil, Gibson Island Club and Corporation
  • John Jacob, Deerfield Golf and Country Club
  • Greg Thomas, The Rookery Golf Club
  • Jamie Palokas, Baywood Greens
  • Jonathan Urbanski, Wilmington Country Club


The following scientists from the University of Delaware provided their input in developing the BMPs and reviewing drafts:

  • Erik Ervin, Professor, Turfgrass and Horticultural Systems
  • Bruce Vasilas, Professor, Agronomy and Soil Science
  • Sue Barton, Professor, Ornamental Horticulture
  • Carmine Balascio, Associate Professor, Water Resource Engineering
  • Amy Shober, Professor, Soils and Nutrient Management
  • Nancy Gregory, Director, Plant Diagnostic Clinic
  • Deborah Delaney, Associate Professor, Entomology
  • John Kaszan, M.S. student, Plant and Soil Science
  • Kerry Richards, Pesticide Safety Education Program

Representatives from these organizations provided their time and expertise to develop best management practices specifically for Delaware to protect the state’s natural resources. The Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control and the Delaware Department of Agriculture reviewed the draft final version of this document and contributed time and expertise to provide comments to the steering committee. The final result is realistic and implementable guidance for the state’s golf turf industry.

Funding and support for this project provided by the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America (GCSAA) and the Eastern Shore Association of Golf Course Superintendents. The Environmental Institute for Golf (EIFG) and the United States Golf Association (USGA) funded GCSAA to develop the Best Management Practices template that served as source material for this project.

Golf Course Superintendents Association of America

GCSAA is the professional association for the men and women who manage and maintain the game’s most valuable resource: the golf course. Today, GCSAA and its members are recognized by the golf industry as one of the key contributors in elevating the game and business to its current state.

Since 1926, GCSAA has been the top professional association for the men and women who manage golf courses in the United States and worldwide. From its headquarters in Lawrence, Kansas, the association provides education, information, and representation to more than 17,000 members in more than 72 countries. GCSAA’s mission is to serve its members, advance their profession, and enhance the enjoyment, growth, and vitality of the game of golf.

Environmental Institute for Golf

EIFG fosters sustainability by providing funding for research grants, education programs, scholarships, and awareness of golf’s environmental efforts. Founded in 1955 as the GCSAA Scholarship & Research Fund for the Golf Course Superintendents Association of America, the EIFG serves as the association’s philanthropic organization. The EIFG relies on the support of many individuals and organizations to fund programs to advance stewardship on golf courses in the areas of research, scholarships, education, and advocacy. The results from these activities, conducted by GCSAA, are used to position golf courses as properly managed landscapes that contribute to the greater good of their communities. Supporters of the EIFG know they are fostering programs and initiatives that will benefit the game and its environment for years to come.

United States Golf Association

USGA provides governance for the game of golf, conducts the U.S. Open, U.S. Women’s Open, U.S. Senior Open, 10 national amateur championships, two state team championships, and international matches, and celebrates the history of the game of golf. The USGA establishes equipment standards, administers the Rules of Golf and Rules of Amateur Status, maintains the USGA Handicap System and Course Rating System, and is one of the world’s foremost authorities on research, development, and support of sustainable golf course management practices.

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